studies to that of Renan and Strauss earlier. Galilee was now seen as being both culturally and religiously Jewish, and such centres of Jewish learning as Sepphoris and Tiberias began to emerge from the shadows of Nazareth and Caphernaum, those villages which were associated with Jesus’ ministry in the gospels and which had come to prominence in the itinerary of Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land from the Byzantine period. In her study of the work of Abraham Geiger, one of the pioneers of